EU Green Deal FCMs

I-EU Green Deal ifuna isisombululo semiba ebalulekileyo echongiweyo kuvavanyo lwangoku lwezinto zokunxibelelana nokutya (i-FCMs), kwaye ukubonisana noluntu kule nto kuya kuphelisa ngo-11 Januwari 2023, kunye nesigqibo sekomiti ngenxa yekota yesibini ye-2023. imiba emikhulu inxulumene nokungabikho komthetho we-EU FCMs kunye nemithetho yangoku ye-EU.

Ezi nkcukacha zilandelayo: I-01 Ukungasebenzi ngokwaneleyo kweemarike zangaphakathi kunye nemiba yokhuseleko enokwenzeka kwii-FCMs ezingezizo zeplastiki Uninzi lwamashishini ngaphandle kweeplastiki azinayo imigaqo ethile ye-EU, okubangelwa ukungabikho kwenqanaba elichaziweyo lokhuseleko kwaye ngoko akukho siseko sisemthethweni somthetho. ishishini ukusebenza ngokuthobela.Ngelixa imigaqo ethile ikhona yezixhobo ezithile kwinqanaba lesizwe, ezi zihlala zihluka ngokubanzi kumazwe angamalungu okanye ziphelelwe lixesha, zenza ukhuseleko lwezempilo olungalinganiyo kubemi be-EU kunye nomthwalo ongeyomfuneko wamashishini, njengenkqubo yovavanyo oluninzi.Kwamanye amazwe angamalungu, akukho mithetho yelizwe kuba akukho mithombo yaneleyo yokwenza izinto ngokwazo.Ngokutsho kwabachaphazelekayo, le miba iphinda idale iingxaki ekusebenzeni kweemarike ze-EU.Umzekelo, ii-FCM ze-100 yeebhiliyoni zee-euro ngonyaka, apho malunga nesibini kwisithathu sibandakanya ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezingezo zeplastiki, kubandakanywa amashishini amaninzi amancinci naphakathi.02 Indlela eNgcono yoLuhlu loGunyaziso oluLungileyo Ukunqongophala kogqaliselo kwimveliso yokugqibela Ubonelelo ngoLuhlu oluVumayo oluNgcono lwezixhobo zokuqalisa zeplastiki zeFCM kunye neemfuno zesithako zikhokelela kwimimiselo yobugcisa entsonkothileyo, iingxaki ezisebenzayo zokuphunyezwa kunye nolawulo, kunye nomthwalo ogqithisileyo kumagunya karhulumente kunye noshishino. .Ukudalwa koluhlu kwenza umqobo obalulekileyo wokulungelelanisa imithetho yezinye izinto ezifana ne-inki, i-rubbers kunye ne-adhesives.Phantsi kwesakhono sangoku sovavanyo lomngcipheko kunye nezigunyaziso ezilandelayo ze-EU, kuyakuthatha malunga neminyaka engama-500 ukuhlola zonke izinto ezisetyenziswa kwii-FCM ezingangqinelaniyo.Ukwandisa ulwazi lwezenzululwazi kunye nokuqonda kwee-FCMs kukwacebisa ukuba uhlolo olukhawulelwe kwimathiriyeli yokuqalisa ayijongani ngokwaneleyo nokhuseleko lweemveliso zokugqibela, kubandakanywa ukungcola kunye nezinto ezenziwe ngengozi ngexesha lemveliso.Kwakhona kukho ukungabikho kokuqwalaselwa kokusetyenziswa kwangempela kunye nexesha elide lemveliso yokugqibela kunye nemiphumo yokuguga kwezinto.03 Ukunqongophala kwezinto eziphambili kunye novavanyo oluhlaziyiweyo lwezona zinto ziyingozi kakhulu Isakhelo sangoku seFCM asinandlela yokuqwalasela ngokukhawuleza ulwazi olutsha lwenzululwazi, umzekelo, idatha efanelekileyo enokuthi ifumaneke phantsi kolawulo lwe-EU REACH.Kwakhona kukho ukungabikho kokuhambelana kumsebenzi wokuvavanya umngcipheko kwiindidi zeziyobisi ezifanayo okanye ezifanayo ezihlolwe ngamanye ama-arhente, njenge-Arhente yeMichiza yaseYurophu (ECHA), ngoko ke imfuneko yokuphucula "into enye, enye yokuhlola" indlela.Ngaphaya koko, ngokutsho kwe-EFSA, uvavanyo lomngcipheko kufuneka lucocwe ukuphucula ukukhuselwa kwamaqela asemngciphekweni, okuxhasa izenzo ezicetywayo kwiSicwangciso seMichiza.04 Utshintshiselwano olunganeleyo lokhuseleko kunye nolwazi lokuthotyelwa kwikhonkco lokubonelela, ukukwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kuphazamisekile.Ukongeza kwisampulu ebonakalayo kunye nohlalutyo, uxwebhu lokuthobela lubalulekile ekumiseleni ukhuseleko lwemathiriyeli, kwaye luchaza iinzame zeshishini lokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwe-FCMs.Umsebenzi wokhuseleko.Olu tshintshiselwano lolwazi kwikhonkco lokubonelela alwanelanga kwaye luselubala ngokwaneleyo ukwenzela ukuba onke amashishini kulo lonke ikhonkco lokubonelela aqinisekise ukuba imveliso yokugqibela ikhuselekile kubathengi, kunye nokwenza ukuba amazwe angamalungu ahlole oku kunye nenkqubo yangoku esekelwe ephepheni.Ke ngoko, iisistim zala maxesha, ezenziwe lula kunye nedijithali ezihambelanayo nobugcisa obuphuhlayo kunye nemigangatho ye-IT ziya kunceda ukwandisa ukuphendula, ukuhamba kolwazi kunye nokuthotyelwa.05 Unyanzeliso lwemigaqo ye-FCM ludla ngokuhlwempuzeka Amazwe angamaLungu e-EU akanamithombo eyaneleyo okanye ubuchwephesha obaneleyo bokunyanzelisa imithetho yangoku xa kufikelelwa ekuphumezeni imigaqo yeFCM.Uvavanyo lwamaxwebhu okuthotyelwa lufuna ulwazi olukhethekileyo, kwaye ukungathotyelwa okufunyenwe kwesi siseko kunzima ukukhusela enkundleni.Ngenxa yoko, ukunyanzeliswa kwangoku kuxhomekeke kakhulu kulawulo lohlalutyo kwizithintelo zokufuduka.Nangona kunjalo, kwizinto ezimalunga nama-400 ezinemiqathango yokufuduka, zimalunga nama-20 kuphela ezikhoyo ngeendlela eziqinisekisiweyo.06 Imigaqo ayithatheli ngqalelo ngokupheleleyo ubunjani beeSMEs Inkqubo yangoku iyingxaki kwii-SMEs.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imithetho eneenkcukacha yobugcisa enxulumene neshishini inzima kakhulu ukuba bayiqonde.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukungabikho kwemithetho ethile kuthetha ukuba abanaso isiseko sokuqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezingezizo zeplastiki zithobela imimiselo, okanye abanazo izixhobo zokujongana nemithetho emininzi kumazwe angamalungu, ngaloo ndlela benciphisa ubungakanani bemveliso yabo. ithengiswe kwi-EU iphela.Ukongeza, ii-SME zihlala zingenazo izibonelelo zokufaka izicelo zezinto eziza kuvavanywa ukuze zivunywe kwaye ke kufuneka zithembele kwizicelo ezisekwe ngabadlali beshishini abakhulu.07 Ummiselo awukukhuthazi uphuhliso lweendlela ezikhuselekileyo nezizinzileyo Umthetho okhoyo wolawulo lokhuseleko lokutya ubonelela kancinci okanye akukho siseko sokuphuhlisa imithetho exhasa kunye nokukhuthaza ukupakishwa okungezinye okuzinzileyo okanye okuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezinye iindlela.Izinto ezininzi zelifa kunye nezinto ezivunyiweyo zisekelwe kuvavanyo oluncinci lomngcipheko, ngelixa izinto ezintsha kunye nezinto zixhomekeke ekuhlolweni okwandisiweyo.08 Umda wolawulo awuchazwanga ngokucacileyo kwaye ufuna ukuphononongwa kwakhona.Nangona imimiselo yangoku ye-1935/2004 ichaza umbandela, ngokuthethana noluntu olwenziwa ngexesha lovavanyo, malunga nesiqingatha sabaphenduli abathe baphawula ngalo mbandela bachaza ukuba kunzima kakhulu ukuwela ngaphakathi kwendawo yomthetho we-FCM wangoku. .Umzekelo, amalaphu etafile eplastiki afuna isibhengezo sokuthotyelwa.

Eyona njongo yeli nyathelo litsha kukudala inkqubo yolawulo ebanzi, eqinisekisiweyo yexesha elizayo kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwe-FCM kwinqanaba le-EU eqinisekisa ngokwaneleyo ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nempilo yoluntu, iqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kweemarike zangaphakathi, kwaye ikhuthaza ukuzinza.Injongo yalo kukudala imithetho elinganayo kuwo onke amashishini kunye nokuxhasa amandla abo okuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezinto zokugqibela kunye nezinto.Eli nyathelo litsha lizalisekisa ukuzinikela kwesiCwangciso-qhinga seMichiza ekuthinteleni ubukho bezona khemikhali ziyingozi nokomeleza amanyathelo athathela ingqalelo indibaniselwano yeekhemikhali.Ukunikezelwa kweenjongo zeSicwangciso sokuSebenza seSetyhula yezoQoqosho (CEAP), ixhasa ukusetyenziswa kwezisombululo zokupakisha ezizinzileyo, ikhuthaza ukutsha kwizinto ezikhuselekileyo, ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo, ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwaye zisetyenziswe, kwaye zinceda ukunciphisa inkunkuma yokutya.Eli nyathelo liza kuxhobisa amazwe angamalungu e-EU ukuba anyanzelise ngokufanelekileyo imigaqo ephumayo.Imigaqo iya kusebenza nakwii-FCMs ezithengwe kumazwe esithathu kwaye zibekwe kwimarike ye-EU.

imvelaphi Ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko lwemathiriyeli yokutya (ii-FCMs) ibaluleke kakhulu, kodwa ezinye iikhemikhali zinokufuduka zisuka kwii-FCM ziye kukutya, okukhokelela ekuchanabekeni kwabathengi kwezi zinto.Ngoko ke, ukuze kukhuselwe abathengi, i-European Union (EC) No 1935/2004 iseka imithetho esisiseko ye-EU kuzo zonke ii-FCM, injongo yayo kukuqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu wokukhusela impilo yabantu, ukukhusela umdla wabathengi kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle. ukusebenza kwemarike yangaphakathi.Lo mmiselo ufuna ukuveliswa kwee-FCMs ukuze imichiza ingagqithiselwa kwiimveliso zokutya ezibeka impilo yabantu esichengeni, kwaye imisela eminye imithetho, njengaleyo ikuleyibhile kunye nokulandeleka.Ikwavumela ukuqaliswa kwemithetho ethile yezinto ezithile kunye nokuseka inkqubo yokuhlolwa kwengozi yezinto yi-European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) kunye nokugunyaziswa ekugqibeleni yiKomishoni.Oku kuphunyezwe kwii-FCM zeplastiki apho iimfuno zezithako kunye noluhlu lwezinto ezivunyiweyo zisekiwe, kunye nezithintelo ezithile ezifana nezithintelo zokufuduka.Kwezinye izinto ezininzi, njengephepha kunye nekhadibhodi, izinto zetsimbi kunye neglasi, i-adhesives, i-coatings, i-silicones kunye ne-rubber, akukho mithetho ethile kwinqanaba le-EU, kuphela umthetho welizwe elithile.Amalungiselelo asisiseko omthetho we-EU wangoku acetywayo kwi-1976 kodwa asanda kuvavanywa.Amava ngokuphunyezwa komthetho, impendulo evela kwabachaphazelekayo, kunye nobungqina obuqokelelwe ngovavanyo oluqhubekayo lomthetho we-FCM lubonisa ukuba eminye imiba inxulumene nokungabikho kwemithetho ethile ye-EU, ekhokelele ekungaqinisekini malunga nokhuseleko lwezinye ii-FCM kunye neenkxalabo zemarike zangaphakathi. .Eminye imithetho ye-EU ixhaswa ngabo bonke abachaphazelekayo kuquka naMazwe angamaLungu e-EU, iPalamente yaseYurophu, ishishini kunye neeNGO.