Ibhatyi yobomi luhlobo lwesixhobo sokuzikhusela (personal protective equipment) (PPE) esigcina umntu edada phezu kwamanzi xa esiwa emanzini.Ngokumalunga neempawu zobugcisa beebhatyi zobomi, kukho imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemimiselo yelizwe.Iibhatyi zobomi eziqhelekileyo ezibonwayo ziibhatyi zobomi ezinogwebu kunye neebhatyi zobomi ezivuthekayo.Yeyiphi imigangatho yokuhlola iibhatyi zobomi?Uyijonga njani ibhatyi yokuphila enokuvutheka?
01 umgangatho wokuhlola ibhatyi yobomi
1. Umgangatho wokuhlolwa kweebhatyi zobomi ezinokuvutheka
Thumela kumazwe e-EU- Iibhatyi zobomi kufuneka zibe yi-CE (okanye i-ISO) ehambelanayo.Kukho amanqanaba e-3 yesatifikethi, egqitywe yi-buoyancy encinci enikezelwa yi-lifejacket, echazwe kwi-Newtons: i-100N - ukuhamba ngomkhumbi emanzini akhuselweyo okanye ukuhamba ngolwandle i-150N - ukuhamba ngenqanawa ye-offshore 275N - ukuhamba ngolwandle olunzulu kunye nokuhamba ngomkhumbi kwiimeko ezimbi kakhulu eUnited States. – Lo mgangatho ukhutshwe yi-United States Coast Guard (USCG).Amanqanaba e-2 yesatifikethi ahlulwe ngokukodwa ngokusekelwe kwi-buoyancy encinci, efana nemigangatho yaseYurophu.Inqanaba I: I-150N yeebhatyi zobomi ezi-inflatable (i-100N yeebhatyi zobomi be-foam).Ilungele zonke iintlobo zokuhamba ngomkhumbi, kubandakanywa iimeko ezinzima kakhulu.Inqanaba II: I-100N yeebhatyi zobomi ezi-inflatable (i-70N yeebhatyi zobomi be-foam).Ilungele ukuhamba ngenqanawa ngaphakathi elizweni kunye namanzi avaliweyo.
2. Imigangatho yovavanyo yesizwe yeebhatyi zobomi
GB/T 4303-2008 ibhatyi yobomi baselwandle GB/T 5869-2010 Life ibhatyi isibane GB/T 32227-2015 Marine life ibhatyi GB/T 32232-2015 Ibhatyi yobomi yabantwana GB/T 36508-2018 Aviation inflatable ibhatyi yobomi1 GB 4122 GB 412 Ibhatyi yokuphila yaseMarine Inflatable
Kuzo zonke iimeko, iibhatyi zobomi kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho yangoku yelizwe lokuthumela ngaphandle kunye nomsebenzi owenzayo.
Ngomhla we-13 kaJulayi, 2022, umgangatho osisinyanzelo we-GB 41731-2022 “Iibhatyi zoBomi ze-Marine Inflatable Life” wakhululwa kwaye uya kuphunyezwa ngokusemthethweni nge-1 kaFebruwari 2023.
02 Iimfuno zokuhlola okubonwayo kwiijethi zobomi zaselwandle ezinokuvutheka
1. Umbala weebhatyi zobomi zaselwandle ezine-inflatable (emva koku zibizwa ngokuba "ziibhatyi zobomi") kufuneka ube nemibala e-orenji-bomvu, i-orenji-tyheli okanye imibala ebonakalayo.
2. Ijacket yokuphila kufuneka ikwazi ukugqithwa kumacala omabini ngaphandle kokuhlukana.Ukuba inokugqithwa kuphela kwicala elinye, kufuneka iboniswe ngokucacileyo kwijacket yokuphila.
3. Ibhatyi yobomi iya kuvaleka ngokukhawuleza nangokulula kulowo uyinxibileyo kunye nokukhawuleza nokulungisa ukuqhobosha ngaphandle kokuqhina.
4. Ibhatyi yobomi kufuneka imakishwe ngobude obufanelekileyo kunye noluhlu lobunzima obuboniswe kule theyibhile ilandelayo kwindawo yayo ecacileyo, kunye nenqaku elithi “iJacket yoBomi yaBantwana” kufuneka iphawulwe kwakhona kwibhatyi yabantwana eyomileyo.
5. Xa isifundo sikwi-equilibrium e-static emanzini, indawo epheleleyo yeteyiphu yokubuyisela i-retroreflective eqhotyoshelwe kumphezulu webhatyi yobomi ngaphezu komphezulu wamanzi ayiyi kuba ngaphantsi kwe-400cm, kwaye iteyiphu yokubuyisela emva iya kuhlangabezana neemfuno. ye-IMO Resolution MSC481(102).
6. Ukuba ibhatyi yabadala ayenzelwanga abantu abanobunzima obungaphezu kwe-140kg kunye nesangqa sesifuba esingaphezu kwe-1750mm, kufuneka kunikwe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ukwenzela ukuba ibhatyi yokukhulula incanyathiselwe kwabo bantu.
7. Ibhatyi yokuhlangula iya kuyilwa ngentambo yokulahlwa okanye esinye isixhobo esikwaziyo ukubotshelelwa kwijacket yokuphila enxitywe ngomnye umntu emanzini omileyo;
8. Ijacket yokusindisa ubomi iya kuyilwa nesixhobo sokuphakamisa okanye isincamatheliso sokutsala umntu osinxibileyo emanzini ukuya kwisikhitshane sokuhlangula okanye isihlenga.
9. Ijacket yokuphila kufuneka iyilwe kunye nesibane sesibane sebhatyi, ekufuneka ikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno.
10. Ijacket yokuphila kufuneka ithembele kwigumbi lomoya elinomoya njenge-buoyancy, kwaye kufuneka kubekho amagumbi omoya azimeleyo amabini, kwaye ukunyuka kwamaxabiso nakweliphi na elinye lamagumbi omoya akufanele kuchaphazele imeko yamanye amagumbi omoya.Emva kokucwiliswa emanzini, kufuneka kubekho iindawo ezininzi ezomileyo ezizimeleyo zomoya ezizimeleyo zifakwe ngokuzenzekelayo, kunye nesixhobo sokunyuka kwamaxabiso okwenziwa ngesandla kufuneka sinikezelwe ngexesha elifanayo, kwaye igumbi ngalinye lomoya linokunyuswa ngomlomo.
11. Ijacket yokuphila kufuneka ikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezihambelanayo xa naliphi na igumbi lomoya lilahlekelwa buoyancy.
03 Iimfuno zokuhlolwa kweebhatyi zobomi zaselwandle ezinokuvutheka
1 Amalaphu agqunyiweyo amagumbi anomoya avuthekileyo
1.1 Ukunamathela kokugquma Umgangatho wexabiso lokubambelela okomileyo kunye nomanzi akufanele kube ngaphantsi kwe-50N / 50mm.1.2 Amandla okukrazula Umyinge wamandla okukrazula akufunekanga ube ngaphantsi kwama-35 N. 1.3 Amandla okuqhawuka kunye nokuqhawuka kobude Ixabiso elingumndilili lamandla okuqhawuka okomileyo nokumanzi akufunekanga libe ngaphantsi kwe-200N, kwaye ukuqhawuka kobude akufunekanga kube ngaphezulu kwama-60%.1.4 I-Flexural crack resistance Emva kovavanyo lokumelana nokuqhekeka kwe-flexural, akufuneki kubekho iintanda okanye umonakalo obonakalayo.1.5 Ukukhawuleza kombala ukuhlikihla Ukukhawuleza kombala owomileyo nomanzi ekuhlikihleni akusayi kuba ngaphantsi kwebanga lesi-3. 1.6 Ukukhawuleza kombala ukuya ekukhanyeni Ukukhawuleza kombala ekukhanyeni akufunekanga kube ngaphantsi kwebanga lesi-5. 1.7 Ukukhawuleza kombala emanzini olwandle Ukukhawuleza kombala kumanzi olwandle kufuneka ungabi ngaphantsi kwebanga lesi-4.
2 Umtya2.1 Amandla okuphulwa komgangatho oqhelekileyo Umlinganiselo wokuqhawula amandla akufanele ube ngaphantsi kwe-1600N2.2 Umlinganiselo wokuqhawula amandla emva kokuguga akufanele ube ngaphantsi kwe-1600N, kwaye akufanele ube ngaphantsi kwe-60% yomgangatho oqhelekileyo wokuphulwa kwamandla.
3 Bopha3.1 Amandla okuqhawuka kwemeko eqhelekileyo Umyinge wamandla okuqhawuka akufanele ube ngaphantsi kwe-1600N.3.2 Amandla okuqhawula emva kokuguga Umyinge wamandla wokuqhawula awuyi kuba ngaphantsi kwe-1600N, kwaye awuyi kuba ngaphantsi kwe-60% yamandla okuphulwa kwimeko esemgangathweni.3.3 Amandla okuqhawula emva kwesitshizi setyuwa Amandla okuqhawula umndilili akayi kuba ngaphantsi kwe-1600N, kwaye akayi kuba ngaphantsi kwe-60% yamandla okuqhawula kwimeko yomgangatho.
04 Ezinye iimfuno zokuhlolwa kweebhatyi zobomi zaselwandle ezinokuvutheka
1. Ikhwelo- Impempe exhotyiswe ngebhatyi yobomi kufuneka ikwazi ukwenza isandi emoyeni kwangoko emva kokuntywiliselwa emanzini amatsha kwaye ikhutshiwe.Inqanaba loxinzelelo lwesandi kufuneka lifikelele kwi-100dB (A).– Impempe kufuneka yenziwe ngezinto ezingezizo ezentsimbi, zingabikho burrs phezu komhlaba, kwaye zingenza isandi ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kuyo nayiphi na into yokuhamba.– Impempe ibotshelelwe kwibhatyi yobomi ngentambo encinci, kwaye ukubekwa akufuneki kuchaphazele ukusebenza kwejacket yobomi, kwaye izandla zomntu onxibayo kufuneka zikwazi ukuyisebenzisa.- Amandla entambo encinci kufuneka ahlangabezane neemfuno ze-52 kwi-GB / T322348-2015
2. Umjikelo wobushushuEmva kwemijikelo ye-10 ephezulu kunye nephantsi yobushushu, jonga i-lifejacket ukubukeka kwayo.I-lifejacket kufuneka ingabonisi zimpawu zomonakalo, ezifana nokushwabana, ukuqhekeka, ukudumba, ukuqhekeka, okanye utshintsho kwiimpawu zoomatshini.
3. Ukusebenza kwe-inflatable- Iinkqubo zokunyuka kwamaxabiso ezizenzekelayo kunye nezandla kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukuvuthela ngokukhawuleza emva komjikelo wobushushu ngamnye, kwaye iibhatyi zobomi kufuneka zizaliswe ngokupheleleyo.- Emva kokugcinwa kwindawo yokushisa ephezulu ye-40 °C kunye neqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kwe -15 °C kwiiyure ze-8, iibhatyi zobomi kufuneka zizaliswe ngokupheleleyo yinkqubo yokunyuka kwamaxabiso ezandla.
4. Emva kokuba i-buoyancy loss loss lifejacket intywiliselwe emanzini amatsha iiyure ezingama-24, ukulahleka kwayo kwe-buoyancy akufanele kudlule i-5%.
5. Ukumelana nokutshisaIjacket yokuphila ivutha ngaphezulu kwe-2s.Emva kokushiya ilangatye, jonga ukubonakala kwejacket yokuphila.Akufanele iqhubeke ukutshisa ngaphezu kwe-6 okanye iqhubeke inyibilika.
6. Amandla- Amandla omzimba kunye nendandatho yokuphakamisa: umzimba kunye nendandatho yokuphakamisa yejacket yokuphila kufuneka ikwazi ukumelana namandla e-3200N ye-30min ngaphandle komonakalo, kunye nejacket yobomi kunye nendandatho yokuphakamisa kufuneka ikwazi ukumelana nesenzo I-2400N ye-30min ngaphandle komonakalo kwiindlebe.-Amandla amagxa: Ihlombe lejacket yobomi kufuneka likwazi ukumelana namandla e-900N kwi-30min ngaphandle komonakalo, kunye nehlombe le-lifejacket yabantwana kufuneka likwazi ukumelana namandla e-700N kwi-30min ngaphandle komonakalo.
7. Ndinxibile- Ngaphandle kwesikhokelo, i-75% yezifundo kufuneka inxibe iibhatyi zokuzikhusela ngokuchanekileyo ungaphelanga umzuzu omnye, kwaye emva kokufumana isikhokelo, i-100% yezifundo kufuneka inxibe iibhatyi zokuzikhusela ngokuchanekileyo ungaphelanga umzuzu omnye.– Phantsi kweemeko zelokhwe yemozulu yephondo, i-100% yezifundo ezikhankanyiweyo ku-4.91 kufuneka zinxibe ibhatyi yobomi ngokuchanekileyo kwisithuba esingangemizuzu eyi-1 – Uvavanyo kufuneka lwenziwe kusetyenziswa iibhatyi zobomi ezivuthelweyo nezinganyuswanga.
8. Ukusebenza kwamanzi- Ubuyiselo: Emva kokuba isifundo sinxibe ibhatyi yobomi, umndilili wexesha lokubuyisela akufuneki libe likhulu kune-avareji yexesha lokubuyisela kunye ne-1 xa unxibe ijacket yobomi yesalathiso sabadala (RTD).Ukuba kukho imeko ethi "non-flip", inani elithi "non-flip" akufanele lidlule inani lamaxesha apho i-RTD igugile.I-RTD iya kuhlangabezana neemfuno kwi-IMO MSC.1/Circ1470 – Ibhalansi engatshintshiyo: Xa isifundo sikwibhalansi emileyo kunye nejacket yobomi ekhethiweyo ijonge phezulu, iya kuhlangabezana nezi mfuno zilandelayo.a) Ubude obucacileyo: Umyinge wobude obucacileyo bazo zonke izifundo akufanele ube ngaphantsi kobude obucacileyo obuqhelekileyo xa unxibe i-RTD thabatha i-10mmo b) I-angle ye-Torso: Umyinge we-angle ye-trunk yazo zonke izifundo kufuneka ungabi ngaphantsi kwe-angle ye-trunk xa unxibe i-RTD. thabatha i-10mmo Yiya kwi-10°-ukuntywila nokuwela emanzini: Emva kokuwela emanzini nokuntywila kwindawo yokulinda unxibe ibhatyi yobomi, abasebenzi bovavanyo baya kuhlangabezana nezi mfuno zilandelayo: a) Gcina abasebenzi bovavanyo bejonge phezulu, kwaye ukuphakama okucacileyo kwabo bonke abasebenzi bovavanyo ukusuka kumphezulu wamanzi akukho ngaphantsi kwe-5103 Umyinge wobude obucacileyo xa unxibe i-RTD njengoko kugqitywe ngokuvavanya thabatha i-15mm: b) ijacket yokuphila ayiphumi kwaye ayibangeli ukulimala kubasebenzi bovavanyo: c) ayichaphazeli amanzi. ukusebenza okanye ukophuka kweseli ye-buoyancy: d) ayibangeli ukukhanya kwejacket ye lifejacket ziwe okanye yonakale.– Uzinzo: Emva kokuba isifundo sisemanzini, ibhatyi yobomi ayifanele ishukume ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye ukuze ubuso besifundo buphume emanzini.Ubuncinci inani elifanayo lezifundo ezikwimeko efanayo naxa unxibe i-RTD.-Ukuqubha kunye nokuphuma emanzini: Emva kokuqubha i-25m, inani lezifundo ezinxibe iibhatyi zobomi ezinokukhwela kwisihlenga sobomi okanye iqonga eliqinileyo le-300mm ngaphezu komphezulu wamanzi kufuneka libe ngaphantsi kwe-2/3 yenani lezifundo. ngaphandle kweebhatyi zobomi .
9. Umthwalo wentloko ovuthayoEmva kokuba intloko evuthekileyo iphantsi kwamandla (220±10)N ukusuka macala onke, kufuneka kungabikho monakalo.Ijacket yobomi akufanele ivuze umoya kwaye ihlale ingenamoya imizuzu engama-30.
10.Phantsi kwefutheIjacket yokuphila phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo kufuneka ingabikho ukuvuvukala okanye utshintsho kwiimpawu zomatshini emva kokuthwala umthwalo we-75kg, kwaye akufanele kubekho ukuvuza komoya.
11. Ukusebenza koxinzelelo-Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo: I-lifejacket kufuneka ikwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lwangaphakathi kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi.Kufuneka ihlale ilungile kwaye igcine le ngcinezelo ye-30min.-I-valve yokukhupha: Ukuba i-lifejacket ixhotywe nge-valve yokukhulula, kufuneka ikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba uxinzelelo olungaphezulu lukhutshwa.Ijacket yokusindisa ubomi iya kuhlala injalo kwaye igcine uxinzelelo lwayo imizuzu engama-30, ayisayi kubonakalisa zimpawu zomonakalo njengokugqabhuka, ukudumba okanye utshintsho kwiimpawu zoomatshini, kwaye ayisayi kubonakalisa ngokubonakalayo iindawo ezinokuvutheka.- Ukugcinwa komoya: Ijacket ye-life jacket inflatable air room izaliswe ngumoya, kwaye ibekwe kwindawo yokushisa kweeyure ze-12, ukuhla koxinzelelo akufanele kube ngaphezu kwe-10%.
12.Amalungu esinyithi- Amalungu esinyithi kunye nezixhobo kwiibhatyi zobomi kufuneka zixhathise ukubola kwamanzi olwandle.Emva kovavanyo lokutshiza ityuwa ngokuhambelana ne-5.151, iindawo zentsimbi aziyi kubonakalisa ukubola okucacileyo okanye impembelelo kwezinye iindawo ze-lifejacket kwaye aziyi kuthobisa ukusebenza kwe-lifejacket.– Xa iinxalenye zetsimbi zebhatyi yobomi zibekwe kumgama we-500mm ukusuka kwikhampasi yamagnetic, impembelelo yeengxenye zetsimbi kwikhampasi yamagnetic akufanele idlule i-5 °.
13. Thintela ukonyuka kwamaxabisoIbhatyi yokuphila kufuneka ibe nomsebenzi wokuthintela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ngengozi.Le ingentla yimigangatho yokuhlolwa kweebhatyi zobomi ezithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle kwiManyano yaseYurophu, eUnited States, imigangatho yesizwe efanelekileyo yeebhatyi zobomi, kunye nemathiriyeli, inkangeleko kunye neemfuno zokuhlola kwindawo yeebhatyi zelizwe zaselwandle ezinokuvutheka ezinokuvutheka.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-21-2022